Nurses must also be aware that even francophones who can normally communicate in English may lose this ability during situations of stress or intense pain, or when they are under the influence of medication (de Moissac & Bowen, 2018)
July 1945
March 1956
Le personnel infirmier est intégré dans tout le système de soins de santé; il participe aux soins aux personnes atteintes de douleur chronique dans tous les milieux de soins et à tous les stades de leur vie
February 1976
December 1977
August 1950
The following seminal statement, articulated by de Leeuw, Greenwood and Cameron (2010), illuminates the gravity of the historical and contemporary Indigenous lived reality: “Loss of language and cultural fluency, the outcome of assimilative policies resulting in practices such as residential schooling, are expressed as broad scale cultural trauma and lack of social cohesion that translate into diminished resiliency, lessened fortitude to overcome addictions, and higher rates of family violence” (p. 285)
June 1947
December 1950